An access control system determines who is allowed to enter or exit, where they are allowed to exit or enter, and when they are allowed to enter or exit. Physical access control is a matter of who, where, and when. Within these environments, physical key management may also be employed as a means of further managing and monitoring access to mechanically keyed areas or access to certain small assets. Physical access control can be achieved by a human (a guard, bouncer, or receptionist), through mechanical means such as locks and keys, or through technological means such as access control systems like the mantrap. The term access control refers to the practice of restricting entrance to a property, a building, or a room to authorized persons. An alternative of access control in the strict sense (physically controlling access itself) is a system of checking authorized presence, see e.g. There may be fences to avoid circumventing this access control. border guard, bouncer, ticket checker), or with a device such as a turnstile. Geographical access control may be enforced by personnel (e.g. Underground entrance to the New York City Subway system
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